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Monitoring Methods - Project topic/title

Environmental monitoring of the marine environment - development of a cost-effective and rapid screening method for persistent organic pollutants.

Co-ordinating institution

Norwegian Institute for Air Research

Final report

Wolkers, Hans and Burkow, Ivan:

Environmental monitoring of the marine environment - development of a cost-effective and rapid screening method for persistent organic pollutants.

Summary and results

Summary

The necessity to quantify and understand the impact of chemical pollution on the ecosystem has resulted in an increased interest in diagnostic and predictive biomarkers. However, the successful use of biomarkers depends on a fundamental characterization and understanding of the mechanisms involved. Based on this background the project has been focused on two subgoals: 1. Evaluate the usefulness of CYP-enzymes as a biomarker for contaminants exposure in glaucous gull and 2. Establish a system based on tissue slices for testing of "new" contaminants.

The CYP-activity of the glaucous gull is low. Likely, the high PCB concentration in the gulls are not due to a contaminant "hot spot", but due to a low metabolism. These enzymes are probably less informative as biomarkers for contaminant exposure in glaucous gulls as compared to seals, where CYP-enzymes have been shown to be a very useful instrument to signal contamination with chlorinated compounds.

A test system to assess the response of potential biomarkers (i.e. CYP) using slices of organs was successfully developed and established. In this first phase of the project mainly methodological aspects were targeted, i.e slice methodology, slice survival as well as slice cryopreservation. In 2001 some peliminary tests using these preserved slices will be performed and used as a basis to continu these studies. The biochemical response in the slices following contaminant exposure is thought to be representative for the response in the complete animal, and has the enormous advantage to reduce the need to do animal experimental studies.

Scientific results (only in Norwegian)

Prosjektets delmål har vært som følger:

  1. Vurdere CYP-enzymenes potensiale som biomarkør ved miljøgiftovervåking av polarmåke, samt hvordan tilstedeværelse av "nye" miljøgifter best kan overvåkes hos polarmåke.
  2. Etablere et testsystem (basert på bruk av vevssnitt og biomarkørrespons) for generering av forvaltningsrelevant informasjon om "nye" miljøgifter som toksafen og bromerte flammehemmere.

Begge målsettingene ved prosjektet er oppnådd. For beskrivelse av resultater og konklusjoner vises det til vedlagte rapport. Resultatene fra del 2 vil bli videreført i rammen av Økotoksikologiprogrammet ved Polarmiljøsenteret, med finansiering fra NFR og MD. Konkret vil ulike blandinger av miljøgifter bli testet på vevsnitt fra både polarmåke og sel i neste feltsesong.

Relevance for monitoring (only in Norwegian)

Prosjektresultatenes relevans for miljøovervåkingen er knyttet til følgende forhold:

1. Styrket kunnskap om biomarkører er en nødvendig forutsetning for en eventuell implementering i overvåkingsprogram. Prosjektet har avdekket sterke og svake sider ved bruk av CYP-enzymene som biomarkører for eksponering overfor organiske miljøgifter. Biomarkørresponsen er sterkt artsavhengig, noe som må tas hensyn til ved anvendelse.

2. Testsystemet som er etablert for undersøkelse av biomarkørresponser, vil gi relevant informasjon for komponentutvelgelse og vurdering av betydningen av eventuelle metabolitter i fremtidige overvåkingsprogram. Videre kan vevsnittsystemet benyttes til vurdering av potensielle effekter (effektovervåking) av aktuelle miljøgiftkonsentrasjoner.

 

Project description (Summary only. Complete description (in Norwegian) here.)
 
The traditional monitoring of contaminants where the level of selected compounds (PCB and standard pesticides) are used as an indicator of exposure and burden, has a number of limitations. Therefor, this project aims to develope a cost-efficient, rapid and species-independendt technique for monitoring of marine biota. The consept includes the use of biomarkers (CYP-enzymes), in addition to the chemical determination of selected key components from important groups of pollutants.  

The project will

  • Evaluate the potential usefulness of CYP-enzymes as biomarkers for monitoring of persistent organic contaminants in glaucous gull
  • Establish a test-system for the generation of information relevant to the environmenal management authorities regarding "new" pollutants (e.g. toxaphene and brominated flame retardants)

 

 

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